2026Journal articleFree to read
Mars Daniel Abasolo, Scott Kearny Sumadia, Chryzelle Jane Balasa, Rayah Norielle Dela Cruz, Jerryl Maireen Peñafiel, Fred John Hiponia, Christine Joy Gimeno
Business, Education, Social Sciences, and Technology
Lead (Pb2+) contamination of water threatens human health and ecosystems and requires low-cost, sustainable remediation. Objective: To synthesize carbon dots (CDs) from Banag Semisulcospira libertina shells and evaluate their photocatalytic/phytoreductive performance for removing Pb2+ from water, alone and combined with matcha (a polyphenol-rich phytoreductant). An experimental between-subjects design was used. CDs were produced by microwave-assisted carbonization of shell powder and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Batch photoreduction tests compared three treatment systems (CDs alone, matcha alone, combined CD+matcha), each in triplicate (n = 3), on 5.00 ppm synthetic Pb2+ solutions under visible light for 60 min. Residual Pb2+ was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α = 0.05). UV–Vis showed a prominent absorbance peak at λmax = 396.6 nm, consistent with n→π* transitions of oxygen-containing surface groups on CDs. Mean removal efficiencies were: CDs alone 91.0% ± 0.8%, matcha alone 75.6% ± 1.0%, combined CD+matcha 76.6% ± 1.2%. One-way ANOVA indicated significant differences among treatments, F(2,6) = 1099.326, p < .001; Tukey HSD showed CDs alone removed significantly more Pb2+ than both matcha alone and the combined system (p < .001). Conclusions and implications: Banag shell–derived CDs demonstrated high photocatalytic Pb2+ removal and outperformed matcha and the combined system under tested conditions. This highlights a promising low-cost, biomass-derived photocatalyst for water remediation. Recommendations include reusability tests, optimization of CD:matcha ratios and light parameters, pH and real-water trials, and additional characterization (FTIR, TEM).
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Study type
Chemical / analytical
Measuring what is in matcha, or how to detect it.
Assigned automatically from the title, abstract and subject terms.
Topics
Matcha is a main subject here (named in the keywords).
Mars Daniel Abasolo, Scott Kearny Sumadia, Chryzelle Jane Balasa, Rayah Norielle Dela Cruz, Jerryl Maireen Peñafiel, Fred John Hiponia, Christine Joy Gimeno. (2026). Carbon Dots Derived from Banag (Semisulcospira Libertina) Shells as Photocatalytic Agents for the Elimination of Lead from Polluted Water. Business, Education, Social Sciences, and Technology.
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